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27,800,000 BP: A major eruption of a
caldera forms the Fish Canyon Tuff, in the San Juan Mountains of what will
become Colorado. October 25, 2005
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Geological Time
Line
Hadean Eon (4.5 to 3.8
billion years ago)
- Cryptic Era (4.56 to
4.15 billion years ago)
- Basin Groups 1-9 Era (4.15
to 3.95 billion years ago)
- Nectarian Era (3.95
to 3.85 billion years ago)
- Early Imbrian Era (3.85
to 3.8 billion years ago)
Archean Eon (4.0
to 2.5 billion years ago)
- Eoarchean Era (4.6 to
3.6 billion years ago)
- Paleoarchean Era (3.6
to 3.2 billion years ago)
- Mesoarchean Era (3.2
to 2.8 billion years ago)
- Neoarchean Era (2.8
to 2.5 billion years ago)
Proterozoic Eon (2.5
to 542 million years ago)
- Paleoproterozoic Era (2.5
to 1.6 billion years ago)
- Siderian Period (2.5 to
2.3 billion years ago)
- Rhyacian Period (2.3 to
2.05 billion years ago)
- Orosirian Period (2.05
to 1.8 billion years ago)
- Statherian Period (1.8
to 1.6 billion years ago)
- Mesoproterozoic Era (1.6
to 1.0 billion years ago)
- Calymmian Period (1.6 to
1.4 billion years ago)
- Ectasian Period (1.4 to
1.2 billion years ago)
- Stenian Period (1.2 to
1.0 billion years ago)
- Neoproterozoic Era (1.0
to 542 million years ago)
- Tonian Period (1.0 to
850 million years ago)
- Cryogenian Period (850
to 600 million years ago)
- Ediacaran Period (600 to
542 million years ago)
Phanerozoic Eon (542
million years ago to Present)
- Paleozoic Era (542 to
251.4 million years ago)
- Cambrian Period (542 to
488 million years ago)
- Early Cambrian Epoch (542
to 513 million years ago)
- Manykaian Age (542 to
534 million years ago)
- Tommotian Age (534 to
530 million years ago)
- Atdabanian Age (530 to
524 million years ago)
- Botomian Age (524 to
519 million years ago)
- Toyonian Age (519 to
513 million years ago)
- Middle Cambrian Epoch (513
to 501 million years ago)
- Amgan Age (513 to 502
million years ago)
- Menevian Age (502 to
501 million years ago)
- Furongian Epoch (501
to 488.3 million years ago)
- Maentwrogian Age (501
to 497 million years ago)
- Dolgellian Age (497 to
488.3 million years ago)
- Ordovician Period (488.3
to 444 million years ago)
- Early Ordovician Epoch (488.3
to 472 million years ago)
- Tremadoc Age (488.3 to
485 million years ago)
- Arenig Age (485
to 472 million years ago)
- Middle Ordovician Epoch (472
to 461 million years ago)
- Llanvirn Age (472 to
468 million years ago)
- Darriwilian Age (468
to 461 million years ago)
- Late Ordovician Epoch (461
to 444 million years ago)
- Ordovician V Age (461
to 456 million years ago)
- Ordovician VI Age (456
to 446 million years ago)
- Hirnantian Age (446 to
444 million years ago)
- Silurian Period (444 to
417 million years ago)
- Llandovery Epoch (444
to 428 million years ago)
- Rhuddanian Age (444 to
436.9 million years ago)
- Aeronian Age (436.9 to
432.6 million years ago)
- Telychian Age (432 to
428 million years ago)
- Wenlock Epoch (428
to 423 million years ago)
- Sheinwoodian Age (428
to 426.1 million years ago)
- Whitwellian Age (426.1
to 425.4 million years ago)
- Gleedonian Age (425.4
to 423 million years ago)
- Ludlow Epoch (423
to 419 million years ago)
- Gorstian Age (423 to
420 million years ago)
- Ludfordian Age (420 to
419 million years ago)
- Pridoli Epoch (419
to 417 million years ago)
- Devonian Period (417 to
359 million years ago)
- Early Devonian Epoch (417
to 398 million years ago)
- Lochkovian Age (417 to
411 million years ago)
- Pragian Age (411 to
400 million years ago)
- Emsian Age (400 to 398
million years ago)
- Middle Devonian Epoch (398
to 385 million years ago)
- Eifelian Age (398 to
392 million years ago)
- Givetian Age (392 to
385 million years ago)
- Late Devonian Epoch (385
to 359 million years ago)
- Frasnian Age (385 to
375 million years ago)
- Famennian Age (375 to
359 million years ago)
- Carboniferous Period (359
to 299 million years ago)
- Mississippian Epoch (359
to 320 million years ago)
- Tournaisian Age (359
to 342 million years ago)
- Viséan Age (342 to
327 million years ago)
- Serpukhovian Age (327
to 320 million years ago)
- Pennsylvanian Epoch (320
to 292 million years ago)
- Bashkirian Age (320 to
312 million years ago)
- Moscovian Age (312 to
303 million years ago)
- Kasimovian Age (303 to
295.1 million years ago)
- Gzelian Age (295.1 to
292 million years ago)
- Permian Period (292 to
251.4 million years ago)
- Uralian Epoch (292
to 283 million years ago)
- Asselian Age (292 to
288.5 million years ago)
- Sakmarian Age (288.5
to 283 million years ago)
- Chihsian Epoch (283
to 269 million years ago)
- Artinskian Age (283 to
277 million years ago)
- Kungurian Age (277 to
269 million years ago)
- Guadalupian Epoch (269
to 260 million years ago)
- Roadian Age (269 to
267 million years ago)
- Wordian Age (267 to
265 million years ago)
- Capitanian Age (265 to
260 million years ago)
- Lopingian Epoch (260
to 251.4 million years ago)
- Wuchiapingian Age (260
to 253.4 million years ago)
- Changshingian Age (253.4
to 251.4 million years ago)
- Mesozoic Era (251.4
to 65.5 million years ago)
- Triassic Period (251.4
to 205 million years ago)
- Early Triassic Epoch (251.4
to 242 million years ago)
- Griesbachian Age (251.4
to 245 million years ago)
- Nammalian Age (245 to
243.4 million years ago)
- Spathian Age (243.4 to
242 million years ago)
- Middle Triassic Epoch (242
to 227.4 million years ago)
- Anisian Age (242 to
234.3 million years ago)
- Ladinian Age (234.3 to
227.4 million years ago)
- Late Triassic Epoch (227.4
to 205 million years ago)
- Carnian Age (227.4 to
220.7 million years ago)
- Norian Age (220.7 to
209.6 million years ago)
- Rhaetian Age (209.6 to
205 million years ago)
- Jurassic Period (205 to
146 million years ago)
- Lias Epoch (205
to 176 million years ago)
- Hettangian Age (205 to
197 million years ago)
- Sinemurian Age (197 to
190 million years ago)
- Pliensbachian Age (190
to 183 million years ago)
- Toarcian Age (183 to
176 million years ago)
- Dogger Epoch (176
to 161 million years ago)
- Aalenian Age (176 to
172 million years ago)
- Bajocian Age (172 to
168 million years ago)
- Bathonian Age (168 to
165 million years ago)
- Callovian Age (165 to
161 million years ago)
- Malm Epoch (161
to 146 million years ago)
- Oxfordian Age (161 to
156 million years ago)
- Kimmeridgian Age (156
to 151 million years ago)
- Tithonian Age (151 to
146 million years ago)
- Cretaceous Period (146
to 65.5 million years ago)
- Neocomian Epoch (146
to 130 million years ago)
- Berriasian Age (146 to
140.2 million years ago)
- Valanginian Age (140.2
to 136.4 million years ago)
- Hauterivian Age (136.4
to 130 million years ago)
- Gallic Epoch (130
to 89.3 million years ago)
- Barremian Age (130 to
125 million years ago)
- Aptian Age (125 to 112
million years ago)
- Albian Age (112 to
99.6 million years ago)
- Cenomanian Age (99.6
to 93.5 million years ago)
- Turonian Age (93.5 to
89.3 million years ago)
- Senonian Epoch (89.3
to 65.5 million years ago)
- Coniacian Age (89.3 to
85.8 million years ago)
- Santonian Age (85.8 to
83.5 million years ago)
- Campanian Age (83.5 to
70.6 million years ago)
- Maastrichtian Age (70.6
to 65.5 million years ago)
- Cenozoic Era (65.5
million years ago to the Present)
- Paleogene Period (65.5
to 23.8 million years ago)
- Paleocene Epoch (65.5
to 55 million years ago)
- Danian Age (65.5 to 61
million years ago)
- Selandian Age (61 to
57.9 million years ago)
- Thanetian Age (57.9 to
55 million years ago)
- Eocene Epoch (55
to 33.7 million years ago)
- Ypresian Age (55 to 49
million years ago)
- Lutetian Age (49 to
41.3 million years ago)
- Bartonian Age (41.3 to
37 million years ago)
- Priabonian Age (37 to
33.7 million years ago)
- Oligocene Epoch (33.7
to 23.8 million years ago)
- Rupelian Age (33.7 to
28.5 million years ago)
- Chattian Age (28.5 to
23.8 million years ago)
- Neogene Period (23.8
million years ago to the Present)
- Miocene Epoch (23.8
to 5.32 million years ago)
- Aquitanian Age (23.8
to 20.5 million years ago)
- Burdigalian Age (20.5
to 16.4 million years ago)
- Langhian Age (16.4 to
14.8 million years ago)
- Serravallian Age (14.8
to 11.2 million years ago)
- Tortonian Age (11.2 to
7.12 million years ago)
- Messinian Age (7.12 to
5.32 million years ago)
- Pliocene Epoch (5.32
to 1.81 million years ago)
- Zanclean Age (5.32 to
3.6 million years ago)
- Piacenzian Age (3.6 to
2.58 million years ago)
- Gelasian Age (2.58 to
1.81 million years ago)
- Pleistocene Epoch (1.81
million years ago to 10,000 years ago)
- Calabrian Age (1.81
million years ago to 10,000 years ago)
- Holocene Epoch (10,000
years ago to the Present)
Sources
International
Commission on Stratigraphy
Updates
November 23, 2005:
Completed the graphical updates.
November 20, 2005:
Moved these pages to the Maastrichian server. Began an update of the
visual features of the site.
November 2, 2005:
Updated the Cryptic Era page.
October 25, 2005:
Updated the Hadean Eon.
October 8, 2005:
Updated some visual contents to this site, and information items for the
Hadean Eon.
May 29, 2005:
Established the Early Imbrian Era page.
May 22, 2005:
Established the Nectarian Era page.
April 4, 2005:
Established the Basin 1-9 Era page.
January 26, 2005:
Established the Cryptic Era page.
January 22, 2005:
Established the Phanerozoic Eon page.
January 16, 2005:
Established the Proterozoic Eon page.
January 8, 2005:
Established the Archean Eon page.
January 2, 2005:
Established the Hadean Eon page.
December 15, 2004:
Completed the Geological Time Scale Table. Later, I also added the
introduction. |
| 3,000,000 BP:
Horses enter into South America via the isthmus of Panama. October
10, 2005 |
|
| 2,200,000 BP:
The Yellowstone Caldera erupts, forming the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff. October
25, 2005 |
|
| 840,000 BP: A
major eruption of the Toba Caldera. October
25, 2005 |
|
| 700,000 BP: A
major eruption of the Toba Caldera. October
25, 2005 |
|
| 600,000 BP: The
Yellowstone Caldera erupts, forming the Lava Creek Tuff. October
25, 2005 |
|
| 80,000 BP: The
ancestors of all non-African peoples are believed to have migrated from
Africa as a single population. October
25, 2005 |
|
| 74,000 BP: The
Toba Caldera erupts in its most recent explosion, spewing out 2,800 cubic
kilometers of material, and thus forming the Young Toba Tuff. This
eruption is believed to have caused a genetic bottleneck in Humans, due to
the resulting extreme climatic conditions. October
25, 2005 |
|
| 71,000 BP: The
documented time of the Human genetic bottleneck, believed to have been
caused by the Toba eruption. The Human population in the world is
thought to have fallen to as few as 15,000 individuals. In short,
Humans nearly became extinct. October
25, 2005 |
|
| 14,000 BP: The
melting of an Antarctic ice sheet, which possibly triggered a period
of warming in Europe, called the Bølling-Allerød
warm interval, and which marked the end of the last ice age. May
29, 2005 |
|
| 13,000 BP: The
Younger Dryas cold interval begins, probably caused by the influx of fresh
water into the north Atlantic Ocean, which caused the shut down of the
oceanic conveyor belt, halting the circulation of warmer waters. May
29, 2005 |
|
| 12,000 BP: The
earliest accepted time frame for the migration of modern Humans into North
America. It is conventionally thought that these people arrived via
the Bering Land Bridge, and then slowly spread throughout both North and
South America. Sea going settlers may have settled North America at
earlier dates, but scientific opinion on this remains divided. May
22, 2005 |
|
| 11,000 BP:
Perak Man dies in a cave in Malaysia. He will become the only known
complete example of a Paleolithic man in Malaysia. October
25, 2005 |
|
| 10,000 BP:
Major extinctions in North and South America occur at the end of the last
ice age. While everything from Human hunting to climate change has
been blamed, the true cause of the extinctions remains unknown. October
10, 2005 |
|
| 6,000 BP: Aside
from minor, local changes due to storm, geological, or other activity, the
continents and their coasts are largely configured as they are today.
May 22, 2005 |
|
| ~1500 AC: The
first horses are brought to North America by Spanish explorers. This
marks the return of a species that had actually evolved in North America,
but died out towards the end of the last ice age. October
10, 2005 |
|
| 1980 AC: Mount
Saint Helens erupts. October 25, 2005 |
|